Epidemiology of infection Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is currently the sexually transmitted disease most common in the world.
The risk of one day HPV infection is 80% to 85% among sexually active people. The acute infection is common just after the onset of sexual activity and has a great prevalence among women between puberty and menopause mla.
The HPV infects the genital epithelium and spread by contact with mucous lining.
Condoms do not diminishing, but the risk of transmission and infection can occur after genital contact without sex.
Most of the time, HPV infection is completely asymptomatic, so that infected people do not know that they carry and transmit the virus without knowing it.
The risk factor, the most significant is the number of sexual partners faced teenage sexual activity is associated with an increased risk but other factors influence the risk. The correlation between the earliness of the first sexual intercourse and HPV infection is related to the number of sexual partners in the preceding 6 months, a history of STD, the use of alcohol and drugs in connection with certain sexual behaviors and number of sexual partners of the partner.
A causal relationship between HPV infection and cervical cancer has been established and HPV is found in almost 100% of cervical cancers in the world. This relationship is the largest ever recorded between a specific cause and a human cancer.
The latency period between the initial exposure to HPV and cervical cancer is estimated at an average of 15 years.
The prevalence of HPV is greater among sexually active young people. For women, the peak prevalence is in the group 20 - 24 years, around 50%. The group 15-19 years just after. The prevalence then decreases with age, dropping sharply after 30 years. This decline is probably due to fewer partners and the fact that the vulnerable zone transformation declining with age
Despite the correlation between high-risk HPV and cervical cancer, 80% of infections are asymptomatic, and recover without treatment. In this case, the intra - epithelial lesions regress spontaneously, and HPV is no longer detectable in the neck. The spontaneous regression of cervical lesions in connection with the HPV usually occurs if precancerous abnormalities have not passed the stage of low grade. The rates of regression decrease with the increase in the severity of the injury.
The average duration of the infection locally detectable range from 6 to 14 months. In 2 to 4 years, only 15% to 25% of all cervical epithelial lesions low grade moving upward grade. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV is the main factor for cervical disease high grade.
The HPV teenagers frequently short life and a spontaneous infection while older women tend to persist. The mechanisms involved are not well understood.
